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Uganda - IDI AMIN a ti druzí

Uveřejněn: 2. 10. 2008 — kulikaa

Nástup generála Idi Amina byl rychlý a násilný. Jeho předchůdce, poněkud neschopný profesionální politik Milton Obote, si svůj pád připravil do značné míry sám. Uganda získala nezávislost v roce 1962 a o rok později byla vyhlášena republika v čele s prezidentem - králem Mutesou II. Ministerským předsedou byl právě Milton Obote, který v roce 1966 pověřil svého generála Amina, aby vzal útokem palác bývalého bugandského krále a vyhnal jej násilím. Za své přitom vzala i ústava, čehož o pět let později využil Amin k násilnému svržení Oboteho vlády a nastolení vlády vojenské. Obote uprchl ke svému příteli, tanzanskému prezidentovi, a ponechal zemi napospas diktátoru Aminovi a jeho vojákům.

Amin měl pověst velmi krutého a tvrdého vojáka. Byl synem lugbarské čarodějky a v šestnácti letech se stal muslimem. Jako chlapec se dal naverbovat ke Královské africké pěchotě a posléze byl povýšen na důstojníka, přestože neměl vzdělání. Brzy se stal neblaze proslulým svým tvrdým postupem proti zlodějům dobytka. Je o něm známo, že zavraždil domorodce kmene Pokot a zanechal jejich mrtvoly napospas hyenám, vymáhal informace od kmene Karamajog pod pohrůžkou uříznutí penisu mačetou a osmi domorodcům skutečně genitál usekl. Jeho dalšími známými oběťmi bylo dvanáct turkanských vesničanů. Tehdy ho mohl Obote jako masového vraha potrestat, avšak neudělal to a o několik let později se Amin stal jediným vládcem Ugandy. Jeho režim byl rasistický. Od začátku pracoval v zájmu muslimů (ti tvoří v Ugandě jen 5 % obyvatelstva) a Arabů a několik týdnů po převzetí moci zahájil masakrování kmene Langiů a Acholiů. Nato vyhnal ze země Asiaty a v roce 1972 začalo skutečné plenění země. Způsob vlády dobře ilustruje zákon z března roku 1972: "Pokud má některý ministr dojem, že jeho život ohrožuje neukázněný dav nebo nespokojenci, smí tyto osoby postřílet." K mrtvým brzy patřili všichni veřejní činitelé, kteří Amina nějakým způsobem kritizovali nebo se mu stavěli na odpor - například arcibiskupa Janan Luwuma umlátil vlastníma rukama. Často se zúčastňoval zvěrstev soukromé povahy - jednu svou manželku zabil a rozsekal podle obrazů z anatomického atlasu, svého syna zabil a snědl jeho srdce, protože mu to doporučil kouzelník. Zcela jistě byl Idi Amin kanibal, který přechovával lidské orgány v lednici.

Země v té době neměla tradiční policii, ale soupeřící bezpečnostní složky. Amin osobně vytvořil veřejnou bezpečnost, vojenskou policii a tajnou službu zvanou Státní výzkumné středisko. To bylo vedeno palestinskými a libyjskými poradci, kteří byli většinou vyškoleni v Sovětském svazu. Zabíjelo se tam železnou palicí a středisko bylo tunelem spojeno s Aminovou vilou, kam se obvykle zvaly na koktejl budoucí oběti. Ve středisku se také každý den v pravidelnou hodinu odbývalo bití vězňů. Výsledkem této hrůzovlády bylo 300 000 mrtvých.

Mezitím kolem sebe v sousední Tanzánii soustřeďoval Milton Obote exulanty, z nichž postupně vytvořil Frontu národního osvobození, s pomocí které byl Amin roku 1979 svržen. Hlavní zásluhu na ukončení teroristické vlády má ale tanzanská armáda, která do Ugandy vtrhla poté, co Amin Tanzánii napadl. Cizí vojska si ale nepočínala nijak v rukavičkách a navíc se zdevastovaná a zmatená země dostala do nekonečného kolotoče občanské války. O deset let později (1980) zmanipuloval Milton Obote volby a stal se prezidentem, ovšem země se dál zmítala ve zničující válce. Bujelo nepřátelství mezi jednotlivými etnickými skupinami, vedla se partyzánská válka proti vládě. Umírali další a další lidé.

Jedním z vůdců partyzánských skupin byl i současný prezident Yoweri Museveni. V roce 1986 vstoupil se svými oddíly do Kampaly a byl okamžitě všemi uznán jako právoplatný prezident. Jak se ukázalo, byla to dobrá volba, neboť Museveni skutečně zavedl v zemi pořádek a důsledně uplatňoval politiku národního usmíření.

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Kuličky na cestách

Cestování, poznatky, deníček z cest
Holka modrooká a kluk hnědooký - píšeme s manželem oba, tak se moc neděste :)

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